LIFE IS ON THE UP We are wealthier, healthier, happier, kinder, cleaner, more peaceful, more equal and longer-lived than any previous generation. Thanks to the unique human habits of exchange and specialisation, our species has found innovative solutions to every obstacle it has faced so far. In The Rational optimist, acclaimed science writer Matt Ridley comprehensively refutes the doom-mongers of our times, and reaches back into the past to give a rational explanation for why we can