Although it covers no less than thirteen centuries of history, writes David Womerley, Gibbon's Decline and Fall is never routine, always alert with humanity and intelligence, often surprising in its sympathies. It counts, quite simply, as one of the greatest narratives in European literature. This definitive three-volume edition presents a complete and unmodernized text, the author's own comments and notes, and his famous Vindication. The third volume examines the enfeebled state of the Byzantine Empire and the spread of Islam. Later section consider the fierce clash of religions in the Crusades and, to conclude this great work, Gibbon offers an overview of the medieval papacy and a history of Rome up until the seventeenth century.